Baidu World Technology Conference (News Release).

Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈbaɪduː/ BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. ‘hundred times’) is a Chinese international innovation company concentrating on Internet services and synthetic intelligence. It holds a dominant position in China’s online search engine market (via Baidu Search), and supplies a large range of other web services such as Baidu App (Baidu’s flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based conversation online forum).

Besides its core web search company, Baidu has diversified into numerous high-growth locations. The business is a leading gamer in self-governing driving (Baidu Apollo), [3] and clever customer electronics (Xiaodu). [4] With over a decade of investment in artificial intelligence, Baidu is one of the couple of tech companies worldwide to offer a full-stack AI stack, consisting of software, chips, cloud facilities, foundation designs, and applications. [5]

The holding business of the group is integrated in the Cayman Islands. [2] Baidu was incorporated in January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. Baidu has origins in RankDex, an earlier search engine developed by Robin Li in 1996, before he founded Baidu in 2000. [6] The business is headquartered in Beijing’s Haidian District. [7]

In December 2007, Baidu ended up being the first Chinese business to be consisted of in the NASDAQ-100 index. [8] Since May 2018, Baidu’s market cap rose to US$ 99 billion. [9] [10] [11] In October 2018, Baidu became the very first Chinese firm to sign up with the United States-based computer ethics consortium Partnership on AI. [12] During the 2020s, Baidu has significantly concentrated on generative AI associated products. [13]

The Chinese federal government views Baidu as one of its nationwide champion corporations. [14]:156 -157

Early advancement

In 1994, Robin Li (Pinyin: Li Yanhong, Chinese: 李彦宏) signed up with IDD Information Services, a New Jersey division of Dow Jones and Company, where he helped establish software for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. [15] He also dealt with developing much better algorithms for online search engine and stayed at IDD Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997.

In 1996, while at IDD, Li established the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking [6] [16] [17] and got an US patent for the technology. [18] Launched in 1996, [6] RankDex was the very first search engine that used links to measure the quality of websites it was indexing. [19] Li described his search mechanism as “link analysis,” which involved ranking the appeal of a web site based upon how lots of other sites had actually linked to it. [20] It preceded the similar PageRank algorithm utilized by Google two years later on in 1998; [21] Google founder Larry Page referenced Li’s work as a citation in a few of his U.S. patents for PageRank. [6] [21] [22] Li later on utilized his RankDex innovation for the Baidu online search engine.

Baidu was incorporated on 18 January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. [7] In 2001, Baidu allowed marketers to bid for advertisement area then pay Baidu whenever a customer clicked an advertisement, preceding Google’s technique to advertising. [20] In 2003, Baidu introduced a news search engine and image search engine, adopting a special identification technology efficient in determining and organizing the articles. [23]

2005: Public Listing on NASDAQ

Baidu went public on Wall Street through a variable interest entity (VIE) based in the Cayman Islands on 5 August 2005. [24]

In 2007, Chinese federal government and Chinese market sources mentioned that Baidu got a license from Beijing, which enables the search engine to become a full-fledged news website. Thus Baidu is able to supply its own reports, besides showing specific outcomes as an online search engine. Baidu was the first Chinese online search engine to receive such a license. [25]

Baidu began its Japanese language search service, run by Baidu Japan, the company’s first routine service outside of China in 2008. [26] The Japanese online search engine closed on 16 March 2015. [27]

On 31 July 2012, Baidu revealed that it would coordinate with Sina to offer mobile search results. [28]

On 18 November 2012, Baidu announced that it would be partnering with Qualcomm to use totally free cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. [29]

On 2 August 2013, Baidu introduced its Personal Assistant app, created to help CEOs, managers and the white-collar employees handle their organization relationships. [30]

On 16 May 2014, Baidu appointed Dr. Andrew Ng as primary researcher. Dr. Ng will lead Baidu Research in Silicon Valley and Beijing. [31]

On 18 July 2014, the company released a Brazilian version of the search engine, Baidu Busca. [32]

On 9 October 2014, Baidu revealed acquisition of Brazilian local e-commerce site Peixe Urbano. [33]

2017: Launch of Autonomous Driving Business

In April 2017, Baidu announced the launch of its Apollo job (Apolong), a self-driving automobile platform, in a bid to assist drive the advancement of autonomous cars and trucks including vehicle platform, hardware platform, open-source software application platform and cloud information services. [34] Baidu prepares to release this task in July 2017, before gradually introducing completely autonomous driving capabilities on highways and open city roads by 2020. [35] In September 2017, Baidu released a $1.5 billion autonomous driving fund to invest in as many as 100 autonomous driving projects over the occurring three years. [36] At the very same time, Apollo open-source software application variation 1.5 was also released. [37]

In June 2017, Baidu partnered with Continental and Bosch, auto industry providers, on automated driving and connected cars and trucks. [38]

In July 2017, Baidu GBU got in into a collaboration with Snap Inc. to serve as the company’s main ad reseller for Snapchat in Greater China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. [39] The collaboration was extended in 2019. [40]

In September 2017, Baidu rolled out a brand-new portable talking translator that can listen and speak in several different languages. Smaller than a common smart device, the 140-gram translation gadget can likewise be utilized as a portable Wi-Fi router and has the ability to run on in 80 countries. It is still under development. Baidu will also be placing artificial intelligence (AI) innovation into smartphones, through its deep knowing platform. [41] [42] At the exact same period, it has actually likewise led a joint investment of US$ 12billion with Alibaba Group, Tencent, JD.com and Didi Chuxing, acquiring 35% of China Unicom’s stakes. [43] [44] [45]

In October 2017, according to The Wall Street Journal, Baidu would release self-driving buses in China in 2018. [46] [47] In the exact same month, Baidu announced that its first yearly Baidu World innovation conference (Bring AI to Life) would be held and live-streamed on 16 November 2017, at China World Summit Wing and Kerry Hotel, uniting Baidu executives, workers, partners, developers, and media to go over the business’s objective and technique, technology developments, brand-new item advancements, and its open artificial-intelligence (AI) community. [48]

China’s government designated Baidu as one of its “AI champions” in 2018. [49]:281

In 2018, Baidu divested the “Global DU organization” portion of its abroad business, which developed a series of utility apps including ES File Explorer, DU Caller, Mobojoy, Photo Wonder and DU Recorder, etc. [50] This company now runs independently of Baidu under the name DO Global. [51]

2021: Hong Kong Secondary Listing

In March 2021, Baidu protected a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, raising $3.1 billion. This marked the largest homecoming for a U.S.-traded Chinese business in Hong Kong given that JD.com’s noting the previous June.

In August 2021 Baidu revealed a new Robocar principle said to be capable of Level 5 self-governing driving. [52] It also features the latest second-generation AI chip that can evaluate the internal and external environments to provide predictive recommendations to proactively serve the needs of passengers.

In June 2022, Jidu Auto, a smart electric lorry business originally backed by Baidu and Geely unveiled its first concept ROBO-01 in the kind of a pre-production automobile. The ROBO-01 trips on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) platform, a modular electrical automobile platform established by Geely Holding. [53]

In August 2023, Baidu unveiled its ChatGPT-equivalent language design Ernie Bot publicly. [54] In October 2023, Baidu released a newer version Ernie 4.0 chatbot. [55]

Since April 2024, Apollo Go, Baidu’s autonomous ride-hailing service, had actually completed six million rides utilizing driverless robotaxis across 11 cities. The service operates a fleet of over 400 driverless lorries in Wuhan. [56]

Domain redirection attack

On 12 January 2010, Baidu.com’s DNS records in the United States were altered such that internet browsers to baidu.com were redirected to a website professing to be the Iranian Cyber Army, thought to be behind the attack on Twitter throughout the 2009 Iranian election demonstrations, making the proper site unusable for 4 hours. [57] Internet users were fulfilled with a page saying “This website has been assaulted by Iranian Cyber Army”. [58] Chinese hackers later reacted by attacking Iranian sites and leaving messages. [59] Baidu later on released legal action versus Register.com for gross neglect after it was revealed that Register.com’s technical assistance personnel altered the email address for Baidu.com on the demand of an unnamed individual, in spite of stopping working security confirmation procedures. Once the address had actually been changed, the individual was able to use the forgotten password feature to have Baidu’s domain passwords sent directly to them, allowing them to achieve the domain hijacking. [60] [61] The suit was settled out of court under concealed terms after Register.com released an apology. [62]

Baidu workers apprehended

On 6 August 2012, the BBC reported that 3 employees of Baidu were apprehended on suspicion that they accepted kickbacks. The kickbacks were apparently spent for erasing posts from the forum service. Four people were fired in connection with these arrests. [63]

91 Wireless acquisition

On 16 July 2013, Baidu announced its intention to purchase 91 Wireless from NetDragon. 91 Wireless is best known for its app store, but it has actually been reported that the app shop deals with privacy and other legal concerns. [64] On 14 August 2013, Baidu announced that its completely owned subsidiary Baidu (Hong Kong) Limited has actually signed a definitive merger contract to obtain 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from NetDragon Web-soft Inc. [65] for$1.85 billion in what was reported to be the greatest offer ever in China’s IT sector. [66]

Name

The name Baidu (百度) literally indicates “a hundred times”, or additionally, “many times”. It is a quote from the last line of Xin Qiji’s (辛弃疾) classical poem “Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival” (青玉案 · 元夕) stating: “Having searched hundreds of times in the crowd, suddenly reversing, she is there in the dimmest candlelight.” (众里寻他千百度, 蓦然回首, 那人却在灯火阑珊处 。) [67] [68]

Services

Qunar (Qunar Cayman Islands Limited), travel-booking service managed by Baidu. Since 2013, Qunar had 31.4 million active users and raised $167 Million at its initial public offering that year. [69] It is listed at NASDAQ. [70]
Advertisements

Baidu’s primary marketing product is called Baidu Tuiguang and resembles Google Ads and AdSense. It is a pay per click marketing platform that permits advertisers to have their advertisements shown in Baidu search results page pages and on other sites that belong to Baidu Union. However, Baidu’s search engine result are also based upon payments by marketers. This has actually triggered criticism and hesitation amongst Chinese users, with People’s Daily commenting in 2018 on concerns concerning dependability of Baidu outcomes. Often as lots of as the first 2 pages of search outcomes tend to be paid marketers. [71]

Baidu sells its advertising items through a network of resellers. [72] Baidu’s web administrative tools are all in Chinese, making it difficult for non-Chinese speakers to utilize. In 2012, a third-party company developed a tool with an interface in English for marketing on Baidu. [73] [74] Advertisers on Baidu must have a registered company address either in China or in specified East Asian nations. [75]

Competition

Baidu [76] takes on Sogou, Google Search, 360 Search (www.so.com), Yahoo! China, Microsoft’s Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, NetEase’s Youdao and PaiPai, Alibaba’s Taobao, TOM Online, DuckDuckGo, and EachNet.

Baidu is the most pre-owned online search engine in China, controlling 76.05 percent of China’s market share. The number of Internet users in China had actually reached 705 million by the end of 2015, according to a report by the internetlivestats.com. [77]

In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal post, [78] Baidu soft-pedaled its take advantage of Google’s having actually moved its China search service to Hong Kong, but Baidu’s share of earnings in China’s search-advertising market grew 6 percentage points in the 2nd quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research company Analysys International.

It is likewise evident that Baidu is trying to get in the Internet social media network market. Since 2011 [update], it is talking about the possibility of dealing with Facebook, which would result in a Chinese variation of the international social network, handled by Baidu. [79] This plan, if executed, would face off Baidu with competition from the 3 popular Chinese social media networks Qzone, Renren [80] and Kaixin001 [81] along with cause rivalry with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ. [82]

On 22 February 2012, Hudong sent a complaint to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce asking for a review of the habits of Baidu, accusing it of being monopolistic. [83]

By August 2014, Baidu’s search market share in China dropped to 56.3%, where Qihoo 360, its closest competitor who has actually rebranded its online search engine as so.com, has actually increased its market share to 29.0%, according to report from CNZZ.com. [84]

In February 2015, Baidu was declared to have actually used anticompetitive strategies in Brazil against the Brazilian online security company PSafe and Qihoo 360 (the largest investor of PSafe). [85] [86]

In a continuous competition in AI natural language processing called General Language Understanding Evaluation, otherwise referred to as GLUE, Baidu took a lead over Microsoft and Google in December 2019. [87]

Research and patents

Baidu has actually begun to purchase deep learning research and is incorporating new deep knowing technology into some of its apps and items, consisting of Phoenix Nest. Phoenix Nest is Baidu’s ad-bidding platform. [88]

In April 2012 Baidu JDC long live requested a patent for its “DNA copyright recognition” innovation. This technology instantly scans files that are uploaded by Internet users, and acknowledges and removes content that might breach copyright law. This allows Baidu to use an infringement-free platform. [89] [90]

In April 2022, Baidu revealed they gained authorizations from China to provide the first driverless taxis. The business objective to provide driverless ride-hailing services to the public and have 10 self-governing cars and trucks set to begin using trips to travelers within a 23-square-mile location in rural begin starting 28 April 2022. [91]

In July 2022, Baidu unveiled the Apollo RT6, a driverless automobile that is planned to sign up with Baidu’s driverless fleet in 2023. [92]

According to the China Digital Times, Baidu has a long history of being the most active and restrictive online censor in the search arena. Documents dripped in April 2009 from an employee in Baidu’s internal tracking and censorship department reveal a long list of obstructed websites and censored topics on Baidu search. [93]

In May 2011, activists sued Baidu in the United States for breaking the U.S. Constitution by the censorship it conducts in accord with the demand of the Chinese government. [94] A U.S. judge has actually ruled [95] that the Chinese online search engine Baidu can obstruct works from its inquiry results under liberty of speech rights, dismissing a lawsuit that looked for to punish the company. [96] [97]

In 2017, Baidu began coordinating with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security as well as 372 Internet police departments to spot details associated to “anti-government reports” and then flooding “Baidu-linked web sites, news sites and gadgets with alerts dispelling false information.” [98] This was done utilizing natural language processing, huge information and synthetic intelligence. [98]

As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese regulators advised Baidu, together with other Internet business, to “perform unique guidance” on news and information associated to the disease. [99]

In November 2022, Sustainalytics reduced Baidu to “non-compliant” with the United Nations Global Compact concepts due to complicity with censorship. [100]

Controversies

Death of Wei Zexi

In 2016, Baidu’s P4P search results page reportedly contributed to the death of a student who attempted a speculative cancer treatment he discovered online. The 21-year-old college student was named Wèi Zéxī (魏则西), who studied in Xidian University. Wei was diagnosed with synovial sarcoma, an unusual type of cancer. He found the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps (武警北京市总队第二医院) through the online search engine Baidu, on which the medical facility had actually been promoting itself. [101] The treatment proved not successful and Wèi passed away in April 2016. [101]

After Wei’s family invested around 200,000 yuan (around US$ 31,150) for treatment in the medical facility, Wei Zexi passed away on 12 April 2016. The occurrence activated huge online conversations after Wei’s death. [102] On 2 May 2016, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the leading guard dog for China’s Internet space, dispatched a group of investigators to Baidu. [103] The case is still continuous. One report claimed medical marketing makes up for 30% of Baidu’s ad revenue, much of which originates from for-profit healthcare facilities that come from the “Putian Network”, a collection of health centers throughout the country founded by medical business owners related to the Putian region of Fujian province. [104] The examination led Chinese regulators to impose numerous limitations on Baidu, consisting of including disclaimers to marketing content and developing channels for problems about Baidu services. [105] In addition, Baidu’s search function now mainly directs users to contents published on platforms under Baidu’s control, leading Chinese media scholar Fang Kecheng to proclaim that “Online search engine Baidu is dead”. [106]

Commercialization of Tieba

Baidu offered the hemophilia online community, one of the neighborhoods of Tieba, to unqualified medical facilities. In January 2016, Baidu revealed that it will stop offering all of its illness-related Tieba. [107] On 12 January, Baidu officially revealed to the public that all Baidu Tieba for all kinds of illness will entirely stop commercial cooperation and will just be open to authoritative public well-being organizations. In action to Baidu’s decision, Lin Jinlong, president of the Hunan Medical and Health Industry Association, stated that personal health centers have entered a duration of industry transformation and updating, and are neither reliant on publishing bar advertisements nor relying on competitive rankings anymore, so Baidu’s decision will not have a negative effect on the market. [108]

DO Global subsidiary ad-fraud in downloaded apps

On 20 April 2019, it was reported that several applications for Android gadgets established by the subsidiary business, DO Global (formerly DU Group), were surreptitiously running revenue boosting background programs on user devices since a minimum of 2016. [109] These programs, part of six recognized applications established by the business, and downloaded hundreds of millions times, were clicking web advertisements – even when the devices were idle, and unbeknownst to end users, to increase revenue generated by “clicks”. [109] Just among the apps, all of which were offered on Google Play Store, had been downloaded 50 million times alone and brought a user ranking of 4.5 stars by tens of thousands. [109]

Google prohibited DO Global and more than 100 of its apps from the Google Play Store on 26 April 2019. [110] [111] DO Global was likewise banned from Google’s AdMob Network. [110] Apps from another designer, ES Global, consisting of the ES File Explorer, that were owned by DO Global were prohibited from the Play Store and the account was suspended. [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118]

Block in India

In August 2020, following the 2020 China-India skirmishes, Baidu was one of several Chinese websites that were prohibited or obstructed in India for national security reasons. [119]

2024 head of communications controversy

In May 2024, Baidu’s former vice president and head of communications Qu Jing [zh] (Chinese: 璩静) triggered significant reactions across the Chinese social networks for backing harmful work environment culture, where, according to a Douyin video, she has asked a colleague to be on a 50-day service trip throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. [120] The report has actually excited further conversations among Chinese netizens relating to Baidu’s corporate governance and internal culture. Qu freely apologized after the event and has actually presumably lost her job. Baidu’s stock price fell 2.17% in Hong Kong following the occurrence. [121] [122]

Panguso.
Tencent.
Sogou.
Alibaba.
Google.
Intellectual property in the People’s Republic of China.
Software industry in China.
Comparison of web search engines.
List of online search engine.
List of online search engine by popularity.

China.

Companies.

Internet.

Technology.

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Further reading

– Lee, Melanie (19 January 2010). “NEWSMAKER-Baidu founder rules China’s Web with pragmatism”. Reuters.
– Udeze, Chuka (26 March 2012). “Baidu Search to be Integrated by Apple on iOS Devices”.
– Kohout, Martin (30 October 2014). “Spyware Baidu to Sony Xperia smartphones”.